Polish Utilities Report

The IntelliNews Polish Utilities Report offers an extensive summary of the Polish utilities sector, segmented into gas, electricity, renewables and water. It includes a complete coverage of the latest developments, trends and corporate news, accompanied by thorough statistics and comments. This sector report is ideal to keep you abreast on recent company and industry news. Written by local professionals, it is a unique market and business intelligence analysis, tailored to save time by providing in-depth information, while helping you to make confident and informed business decisions.

Summary

The leitmotif of the passing year has been the (additional) natural gas supplies deal with Russia's Gazprom. Initially agreed last October, it took over a year to be actually worked out and signed (with significant changes being made throughout this period). Paradoxically, after agreeing on the document, Poland's main gas producer and distributor PGNiG and Gazprom have been proclaimed as possible business partners for future joint projects. Another two key themes of the passing months have been (accelerated) privatisation of the electrical power segment's companies (with progress in the case of five power groups) and price tariff negotiations with the market regulator, both in the natural gas (ultimately, prices are to fall by 3-4%) and the electrical power (prices are to rise by low single digits) segments.

Sold production (seasonally unadjusted) of the sector of electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply inched up by 0.1% to PLN 71.88bn (EUR 17.8bn) in Jan-Oct, 2010, according to the data of the Central Statistical Office (GUS). In October alone, the sector's output inched up by 0.3% m/m, but was down by 3.1% in annual terms. In the first ten months of this year, sold production of the sector of water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities rose by 5.7%, while in October, 2010, it was up by 3.8% m/m and by 2.9% on the year.

Prices of this sector's output grew by 2.9% y/y in Jan-Oct. 2010, vs. the surge of 15.9% in the whole of 2009.

Organically, the sector's companies are progressing with their bigscale investment plans. According to Deloitte, Poland's power enterprises should invest around EUR 50bn by 2020 to build nearly 30,000 MW of new power generation capacities. Ernst & Young estimates that Poland still needs to set up around 25 GW of new power generation capacities so as to match the European average level.

Table of Contents :

Executive Summary
Overview
Natural Gas
Electrical Power
Renewable Energy
Water Treatment
Appendix


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Analyzing the Hydrogen Economy

A hydrogen economy is a hypothetical economy in which energy is stored and transported as hydrogen (H2). Various hydrogen economy scenarios can be envisaged using hydrogen in a number of ways. Proponents of a hydrogen economy suggest that hydrogen is an environmentally cleaner source of energy to end-users, particularly in transportation applications, without release of pollutants (such as greenhouse gasses) at the point of end use; and that these advantages may hold similarly with use of hydrogen produced with energy from fossil fuels, if carbon capture or carbon sequestration methods are utilized at the site of energy or hydrogen production.

Meanwhile, critics of a hydrogen economy argue that for many planned applications of hydrogen, direct use of energy in the form of electricity, chemical batteries and fuel cells, and production of liquid synthetic fuels from carbon dioxide, might accomplish many of the same net goals of a hydrogen economy, while requiring only a small fraction of the investment in new infrastructure.

The latest offering from Aruvian's R'search brings you a complete analysis of the Hydrogen Economy. Analyzing the Hydrogen Economy report contains a focused socio-economic, political, and environmental analysis of the factors affecting the hydrogen economy. The report contains an analysis of the technologies involved in hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, hydrogen conversion, and much more.

The report also carries in-depth case studies on the various countries which are actively involved in the hydrogen economy. An analysis of the technical barriers, other issues, cost effectiveness affecting the hydrogen economy, and the procedure involved in the actually implementation of the hydrogen economy are all discussed in great details inside this report. Determining the future of the hydrogen economy and the energy industry becomes a lot easier with this report.

Table of Contents :

A. Executive Summary

B. Introduction to Hydrogen and the Hydrogen Economy
What is Hydrogen?
Properties of Hydrogen
Energy Needs of a Hydrogen Economy
Production Processes of Hydrogen
Electrolysis
Reforming
Hydrogen from Coal
Hydrogen from Natural Gas
Hydrogen from Nuclear Energy
Hydrogen from Renewable Energy Sources
Hydrogen Production Costs from Various Methods
Hydrogen Packaging
Compression Process
Hydrogen Liquefaction
Physical Hydrides
Chemical Hydrides
Delivering Hydrogen
On Road Delivery
Delivery through Pipelines
On-site Generation
Delivered Hydrogen Cost Estimates
Transferring Hydrogen

C. A Global Hydrogen Energy System

D. Current Hydrogen Industry

E. Broad Issues with the Hydrogen Economy

F. Technical Issues and Cost Barriers to the Hydrogen Economy
Issues with Production, Distribution, Storage
Carbon Capture and Storage
Fuel Cells

G. Environmental Implications of Hydrogen

H. Environmental Impacts of Hydrogen Production Methods

I. Environmental Impact of the Hydrogen Economy
Introduction
Hydrogen in the Atmosphere
Hydrogen in the Troposphere – A Modeled Scenario
Is Hydrogen a GHG?
GHG Consequences and the Hydrogen Economy
Water Vapor Emissions of a Hydrogen Economy
Conclusion

J. Role of Fuel Cells in the Hydrogen Economy

K. Developing the Hydrogen Economy
Developing the Hydrogen Infrastructure and Associated Costs
Required Government Support
Projections of Hydrogen Use

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Natural Gas Vehicles

Dedicated natural gas vehicles (NGVs) are designed to run only on natural gas; bi-fuel NGVs have two separate fueling systems that enable the vehicle to use either natural gas or a conventional fuel (gasoline or diesel). There are over 150,000 natural gas vehicles on U.S. roads today and over five million worldwide. In general, dedicated NGVs demonstrate better performance and have lower emissions than bi-fuel vehicles because their engines are optimized to run on natural gas. In addition, the vehicle does not have to carry two types of fuel, thereby increasing cargo capacity and reducing weight.

Aruvian's R'search’s report on Natural Gas Vehicles profiles this industry, focusing on the basics, the economics, GHG emissions, lifecycle analysis, regulatory frameworks, growth drivers, barriers to the industry, and much more. Government initiatives promoting natural gas vehicles, emerging markets for NGVs, and the major players, are all analyzed in this comprehensive report on Natural Gas Vehicles.

Table of Contents :

A. Executive Summary

B. Introduction
History of Natural Gas Vehicles
Natural Gas as a Transportation Fuel
NGV Engine & Fuel System Description
Operational Issues in NGVs
NGV Types
Light Duty Vehicles
Medium-Duty & Heavy-Duty Vehicles

C. Market Overview
Industry Profile
Product Divisions
Light Duty NGVs
Medium Duty NGVs
Heavy Duty NGVs
Market Segmentation
Private Fleets
Federal Government Fleets
Local & State Government Fleets

D. Overview of Global NGV Market

E. Fuel & Infrastructure Cost

F. NGV Vehicle Maintenance & Infrastructure

G. How Safe are NGVs?

H. Regulatory Framework & Trends
Federal Laws and Regulations
Federal Tax Incentives for NGVs
Clean Fuel Vehicle Deduction
AFV Acquisition Requirements for Federal, State, & Alternative Fuel Provider Fleets
Clean Air Act of 1970 & Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
Federal Inherently Low-Emission Airport Vehicle (ILEAV) Pilot Project
State Laws & Policies
Voluntary Programs & Support Activities Promoting NGVs
Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Registries & Reporting Programs
Emerging Markets for Trading GHG Credits
Other Programs Promoting NGVs
International Climate Change Programs
International Framework for Promoting GHG Emission Reduction Projects
Activities Implemented Jointly Pilot Phase

I. NGVs & GHG Emissions
Introduction
Projects Deploying NGV Technologies to Reduce GHG Emissions
GHG Emissions & NGVs
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Life Cycle Analysis & GHG Emissions
Studies & Measurements of GHG Emission Benefits of NGVs
The GREET Model
Canada’s Transportation Climate Change Table
EPA MOBILE6 Model
Estimating GHG Emissions Benefits from EV & HEV Projects
GHG Emissions Baseline
Environmental Additionality
Leakage
Ownership
Monitoring & Verification

J. Industry Structure
Major Players
Honda Motor Company Ltd
General Motors Corporation
New Flyer Industries

K. Current Industry Trends
Market Environment
Product Outlook
Market Outlook

L. Appendix

M. Glossary of Terms

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Liquefied Petroleum Gas - An Industrial Analysis

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a non-renewable source of energy. It is extracted from crude oil and natural gas. The main composition of LPG are hydrocarbons containing three or four carbon atoms. The normal components of LPG thus, are propane and butane. Small concentrations of other hydrocarbons may also be present. Depending on the source of the LPG and how it has been produced, components other than hydrocarbons may also be present.

LPG is a gas at atmospheric pressure and normal ambient temperatures, but it can be liquefied when moderate pressure is applied or when the temperature is sufficiently reduced. It can be easily condensed, packaged, stored and utilized, which makes it an ideal energy source for a wide range of applications.

Aruvian's R'search brings to you an industry analysis of Liquefied Petroleum Gas – from the basics of usage and history to the development of autogas. The report covers in-depth profiles of LPG equipment manufacturers, LPG vehicle manufacturers, LPG suppliers, and countries where LPG is a major source of energy.

The report also covers the nitty-grittys of LPG vehicle fleets, regulatory factors affecting the industry, incentives promoting LPG usage, other non-automobile uses of LPG, factors affecting the transportation of LPG, a complete analysis of the LPG vehicle, and much more.

Table of Contents :

A.ExecutiveSummary

B.IntroductiontoLPG
WhatisLPG?
CompositionofLPG–Propane&Butane
HistoryofLPG
SourceofLPG
CurrentUsage
RangeandRefueling
Availability,&Pricing
VersatilityofLPG
StorageandSafety
EmissionsBenefitsofLPG
FuelEfficiencyforFleetService
IsLPGSafe?

C.LookingatLPGCombustion
FiringPractices
Emissions
CriteriaPollutants
GHGs
ControlsforLPGCombustion

D.TransportingLPG
TransportbySea
TransportinginClosedVehicles
CarryingDifferentLoads

E.Autogas
ConvertingaVehicletoLPG
VehicleManufacturers
Toyota
Vialli
Ford
Fiat
Hyundai
GeneralMotors
Volvo
Holden
Honda
Maruti
CountryAnalysis
Turkey
China
Australia
TheNetherlands
Italy
India
Poland
Pakistan
Philippines
HongKong
Korea
AutogasSystemTypes
AutogasSystemParts

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Analyzing Unconventional Gas Production Methods

Analyzing Unconventional Gas Production Methods

The continued and ever increasing demand for energy resources in developing as well as developed countries is pushing the exploration and production focus of unconventional gas resources. Unconventional gas though had been classified as uneconomic for commercial purposed however these sources have also proved their worth with the development of better techniques to harness them and apply them to commercial usage.

The global natural gas market has seen a retardant growth even though it may be higher in values than the earlier years of production. The US sees a rising impact of household sector gas usage and consumption which has forced the development of unconventional gas in order that gas of higher calorific values may be dedicated to commercial usage whereas more mass usage applications be tried with unconventional gas; thereby taking the production burden off the major producers.

Aruvian's R'search’s report on Analyzing Unconventional Gas Production Methods outlines the historical perspective of gas usage as an energy source and the increased focus on the production of gas for commercial as well as domestic usage. The report provides an overview of the geographically diverse production of natural gas and categorization of unconventional gas sources.

The report provides a detailed explanation of the market developments and the advancements in gas extraction technologies which are spurred by the strong demand for unconventional gas. Further, the research report explains the constraints to the development of unconventional gas sources and also provides the overall geo-commercial footprint of unconventional gas.

Summing up, the report provides an outlook on the economical perspective of unconventional gas and the major industry contributors of unconventional gas and their relative market positions in this sector.

Table of Contents :

A. Executive Summary

B. Introduction to the Industry
B.1 Natural Gas Usage – Historical Perspective
B.2 Natural Gas Usage across the Globe
B.3 Natural Gas Market – Future Perfect
B.4 Natural Gas Production Geographically
B.5 Distinguishing Unconventional Gas

C. Categorization of Unconventional Gas Sources
C.1 Associated Gas
C.2 Coal Bed Methane
C.3 Gas Shale
C.4 Methane Hydrates
C.5 Stranded Reserves
C.6 Tight Gas Sands
C.7 Deep Gas
C.8 Peat Methane
C.9 Geopressurized Zones

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